Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates: What Car Owners Need to Know

Technological advancements have reversed the traditional meaning of the car. Cars today are not only transport machinery, but also internet-enabled devices that interact with the cloud and other networks via the web. 

Maybe the most significant innovation is the ability to receive wireless updates, or Over-the-Air (OTA), that allow car software to be altered, improved, or repaired without going into a repair shop. 

That convenience, though, brings new privacy and security issues that owners must know about – and consider.

What Are OTA Updates?

OTA updates are processes by which a car downloads and installs new versions of software from the manufacturer via an internet link. OTA updates can include anything from adjusting or enhancing the engine or driver aid systems to essential security fixes and bug fixes.

Previously, an update had to be made through a visit to the dealer shop, but with OTA, it is done while sleeping overnight – because one has it in their garage. 

It was one of the early features Tesla popularized among consumers, though manufacturers like Ford, BMW, Volkswagen, and Toyota have since adopted it as standard practice.

Key Benefits of OTA Updates

• Convenience

They eliminate the hassle of scheduling workshop appointments or taking the car out of service for hours – a huge bonus!

• Security

Security patches are simple to implement, minimizing exposure time to known vulnerabilities.

• Constant Improvements

They allow the vehicle to evolve over time, adding new features or improving existing ones.

• Cost Reduction

Manufacturers save millions by avoiding massive recalls due to software errors.

But as with any networked device, this technology has threats that every driver must be mindful of.

Security and Privacy with Networked Vehicles

Having connectivity in cars is like they are constantly communicating with the manufacturer’s or third-party servers. This can include data on driving habits, location, internet surfing history, voice commands, etc. 

While these services are marketed to improve the driving experience, they bring with them the risk for security breaches or misuse of information.

To protect users, manufacturers implement multiple layers of protection in OTA updates. End-to-end encryption is one of the most important ones. 

This ensures that software being sent from the manufacturer’s servers to the car cannot be intercepted or tampered with by someone else. Additionally, updates are usually digitally signed, so the car can verify their authenticity before they are installed.

However, users need to do their part to secure their vehicles, particularly when operating in public networks or third-party scanning tools.

The Role of the Local Network and the Use of Connected Tools

The majority of the owners talk to their vehicles through complimentary mobile applications. 

The applications allow them to check on the status of the car, start or lock it remotely, locate it on a map, or even control the climate control. All these functionalities are typically internet-based and, in some instances, local WLANs.

Hobbyists also use Wi-Fi-based diagnostic software to read or modify vehicle parameters. Done on public networks or improperly configured home routers, there are chances of data tapping or illegal access.

To combat these attacks, security-conscious users often turn to solutions such as a VPN application. It establishes an encrypted tunnel between the user’s device (say, phone, or computer) and a distant server – and it is far from simple for an attacker to tap that communication, even if it is on an unsecured network.

Practical Considerations For Owners

• Update your vehicle software and mobile app

Ensure you have the newest version, as these will likely include security enhancements.

• Only update from trusted sources

Never update software from untested or unofficial third-party sources.

• Use safe networks

Refrain from using public Wi-Fi when interacting with the vehicle, and secure your home network with strong passwords and WPA3 encryption, if supported.

• Utilize other security devices

If you regularly access the car through mobile devices or other equipment, utilize a secure VPN program.

• Read the manufacturer’s privacy policies

Learn what information they collect, how they protect it, and with whom they share it.

Over-the-air (OTA) updates are an important step towards a quicker, more convenient, more secure, and user-centric motor vehicle environment. 

However, as with any connected product, they come with the duties of cooperation between producers and proprietors. 

Understanding how these updates work and what security infrastructure is in place – and can be improved – allows drivers to benefit without sacrificing their privacy or the integrity of their car.